What to look for when choosing a DSLR. Which camera is best for a beginner photographer to buy at the initial stage? Why beginners shouldn’t buy expensive photographic equipment right away

Relevance: June 2019

When the determining factor for choosing a camera is price, then it would seem that you should not expect much from it. But modern technologies make it possible to obtain high-quality photographs even using a modest device and without having outstanding skills. Of course, you cannot create a masterpiece using average optics and choosing only automatic modes, but the right camera will help a novice photographer develop and, over time, allow him to achieve great success.

Inexpensive cameras are also a choice for those who take photographs as souvenirs of family celebrations or travel. In this case, the requirements for photographs are not so great that you would have to overpay significantly for them by buying expensive professional equipment.

We have compiled a list of the best inexpensive cameras based on expert assessments and reviews from real customers. Our recommendations will help you make a choice that suits your needs and desires. There are many competitors in the global technology market, but we have selected the best manufacturers and recommend paying special attention to them:

1. Canon
2. Nikon
3. Rekam
4. Fujifilm

Digital SLR For Beginners Compact Ultrasounds Video recording: HD Video recording: Full HD Macro photography Wi-Fi/Bluetooth

*Prices are correct at the time of publication and are subject to change without notice.

Cameras: Digital

*from user reviews

Minimum price:

Main advantages

• 21 megapixel CMOS sensor allows you to create high-resolution photos
• The function of detecting a face or smile in the frame engages automatic focusing, so the subject of the photo will always be in the center of the frame
• Automatically turns off video recording when the SD card space runs out, allowing you to save already recorded footage
• The built-in webcam mode increases the functionality of the device, making it more versatile
• The ability to shoot video in four different formats, including 720p HD and VGA, allows you to choose the option that suits the task at hand

Video Recording: HD / Compact / Macro / Beginner / Digital

Main advantages

• The SONY G series lens is a high-quality professional-level optics that allows you to combine high detail with the effect of defocusing the background
• The PlayMemories family of imaging apps lets you control your camera remotely, transfer files to nearby devices, and edit your photos
• Sweep Panorama technology automatically combines individual frames to create a panoramic photo
• The Super HAD CCD matrix has increased sensitivity and additional color correction functions, resulting in highly realistic photography.
• A macro mode is available, in which clear pictures are taken from a distance of 5 cm

Show all products in the category "Compact"

Cameras: Video recording: HD

For Beginners / Video Recording: HD / Compact / Macro / Digital

Main advantages

• An 8x optical zoom lens ensures high-quality shooting of distant objects; the ZoomPlus function allows you to achieve 16x magnification
• In Easy Auto mode, the camera automatically adjusts settings depending on shooting conditions to get the perfect photos
• Macro mode allows you to take detailed pictures of individual objects (insects, flowers, decorations)
• Shooting video in HD format allows you to create high-quality videos with high detail
• Smart Auto mode allows the camera to automatically select one of 32 scenes for shooting various subjects - from portraits to panoramic photos
• The user can manually add a date to images when creating their own photo archive

For those who love to travel, the question always arises of how to capture interesting moments so that at the most necessary moment you get a high-quality photo. Which buy an inexpensive camera for family photos and frequent trips is a very difficult question.

The difficulty in buying a camera for family and travel primarily lies in determining the necessary technical characteristics, which often directly depend on each other. In this article I will try to consider the most important aspects when buying a high-quality inexpensive camera.

Of course, which camera is better to buy, you can argue for a long time; the main criterion, first of all, is the price, because... new top-level models will satisfy most photographers, but we will try to consider the characteristics that will help you buy an inexpensive and high-quality camera for a reasonable price.

So, let’s look at what characteristics to look for when buying an inexpensive camera for the family:

1. Which camera is better: digital or SLR?

This question needs to be considered for what purpose the camera is taken, since we are considering the main purpose of taking photographs while traveling, then the choice clearly falls on digital cameras, because they are significantly lighter than their mirror counterparts. DSLR cameras are on average 2-3 times heavier than regular digital cameras.

The weight of the camera is of significant importance, so if you wear it for a long time, a heavy camera will get in your way, which will not allow you to enjoy the journey itself. In addition, DSLR cameras have capacious and heavy batteries, and they also require a more powerful, heavy tripod. Which ultimately turns into several kilograms of transported cargo.

Besides weight DSLR cameras are not suitable for beginners. DSLRs have more complex settings for the photography process, which often does not allow you to quickly take a high-quality photo, since the setup process takes a longer time.

There is no point in buying a camera for travel enthusiasts, an SLR camera, since it is more suitable for professionals. To get high-quality images with a DSLR camera, you need to have experience in photography, and when buying a camera you will also have to purchase expensive and heavy interchangeable optics for different shooting modes, a powerful flash, additional batteries and a tripod.

Comparison of DSLR and compact digital cameras

Our choice is a compact digital camera.

2. Batteries for the camera batteries or your own battery format:

When traveling with a large number of photographic subjects the question of batteries arises. First of all, let's consider the option with AA type batteries (finger batteries) or AAA type batteries (pinky batteries). The advantage of the standard type of batteries is their versatility and availability. On the road, you can take with you several spare batteries and a charger, which will always allow you to have a couple of extra sets, and if all the existing batteries are discharged, you can buy new ones at any store. However, lately there has been a trend among camera manufacturers to replace standard types of batteries with their own. Of the new models, often with AA or AAA type elements, there are cameras with superzoom, which have a more massive optical element that allows you to zoom in more than 20 times. However, cameras with superzoom are more massive, which is again inconvenient during trips and long walks.

Cameras with their own battery have less weight and higher capacity compared to standard AA batteries. Cameras with their own battery usually come with a charger, but do not have an additional spare battery. Therefore, purchasing such cameras You need to immediately take care of a spare battery.

Standard batteries and batteries from camera manufacturers

Unfortunately, there are no decent cameras left on sale with standard AA batteries that are suitable for family photos or for travel. Therefore, the choice falls on cameras that have their own type of battery.

3. Optical zoom:

First of all, let's figure out what optical zoom is and how it differs from digital zoom. Optical zoom is achieved by moving the optical elements of the camera lens; the principle of operation is similar to that of binoculars, when the movement of the optics allows you to zoom in several times. Digital zoom is achieved by digitally processing the subject being photographed, this is comparable to when you enlarge an image on a computer; digital zoom does not essentially bring the subject closer, but enlarges the photographed object through a simple digital image, while degrading the quality of the resulting image; frequent digital zoom is equipped with the most budget models. That's why When buying a camera, we only consider optical zoom.

The optical zoom factor of a digital camera is the value that affects the ability to change its focal length, that is, visually bring objects closer or further away. The 10x optical zoom means you can get up to 10x closer to your subject.

Photo without enlargement

14x optical zoom

The minimum required optical zoom factor is preferably at least 10. This will provide greater opportunities for photographing interesting objects without physically approaching them.

4. Availability of image stabilizer:

The image stabilizer in the camera allows you to compensate for hand shake when shooting and get a clear, blur-free photo. The effect of judder is especially noticeable when using the optical zoom.

The design of optical elements in a camera lens

There are three types of image stabilizer: optical, digital and dual image stabilizer, which is a combination of optical and digital stabilizer. I recommend buy a camera with optical or dual stabilization.

5. Number of mega pixels of the matrix:

Currently, the importance of this parameter is no longer so relevant, since recently sold camera models have a sufficient number of megapixels. For example, to print a high-quality photograph on a 10x15 printer, a camera with a 2-3 megapixel camera is sufficient. Larger megapixel values ​​of the matrix result in larger-capacity images. In addition, a significant increase in the pixels of the matrix, without physically enlarging it, entails an increase in noise in the photograph, i.e. less clear pictures.

We focus on cameras with a matrix of at least 12 megapixels.

6. Possibility of video recording and maximum resolution when recording video:

Almost all inexpensive digital cameras on sale can shoot video. The higher the video resolution when shooting, the clearer and more detailed the image is. Shooting videos is a necessary function for a family camera and is in demand when traveling.

Currently, it is important to buy a camera that shoots high-definition video HD 720p with a resolution of 1280×720, preferably Full HD (1080p) shooting with a resolution of 1920-1080. Purchasing cameras that shoot videos with a lower resolution is not relevant, because... The video quality no longer meets modern trends and when viewed on modern devices the image will be unclear.

Also, when shooting video, there is an indicator of the frame rate per second, the higher this indicator, the better, the minimum recommended frame rate when buying a camera is 24 frames per second, best of all, at least 30 frames per second.

Comparison of low and high resolution video, left low, right high

Having bought a camera that shoots high-quality video, there is no need to purchase a video camera. See an example of a video we made from a camera in Full HD format at the ski resort in Alekseevka.

7.Memory card capacity

When purchasing a camera, you should immediately expect to purchase a memory card. Since when shooting photos and especially video files, the files are quite large, it is advisable to take a memory card of at least 16 GB. When purchasing a memory card, you must take into account its class, which affects the speed at which pictures taken are written to the card; the higher the class, the higher the speed and, accordingly, the cost. The speed of the memory card required is usually indicated in the instructions for the camera; generally, memory cards of class 10 and higher will satisfy most cameras.

8. Possibility of wireless file transfer using Wi Fi.

It would seem that there is no need for the camera to have Wi-Fi, but in fact this is a rather useful function. Wi Fi in the camera is suitable for those who have a wireless network at home; TVs with built-in Wi Fi are especially convenient. Having Wi Fi in the camera, you can quickly transfer files to a computer or other device, and also easily view the captured photos or videos on your TV.

The only drawback is that setting up a Wi-Fi connection is sometimes difficult, so if you do not plan to use wireless file transfer, then you should not overpay for this function. However, we recommend having Wi-Fi in the camera.

9. The presence of a GPS module in the camera

The GPS module in the camera allows you to record the coordinates of the pictures taken. The presence of coordinates in the photos taken allows you to create your own map (for example, in Google), where the photos will be automatically placed in accordance with their coordinates. Which is very convenient when after a while you can see the places of your trips on the map.

I consider the presence of GPS necessary for those who like to travel frequently, but if you do not plan to compile your own trip maps, then this function will be superfluous.

10. Timer

Well, the last function that I think is necessary is a timer. The timer in the camera makes it possible to shoot on a timer, by setting which (usually from 3 to 10 seconds) the photographer himself will have time to get into the picture.

The timer function is convenient for family trips or when traveling alone, when you need to capture yourself in a photo, all you have to do is install the camera on a tripod or other place, set the timer, press the shutter button and take a place in the photo.

Most cameras already have a built-in timer function, but it is still worth checking to see if it is available.

The above 10 functions required when purchasing a camera are the main ones. In addition to this, there are many more functions that can be considered when purchasing, for example, the number of frames per second, light sensitivity, focal length, etc., for the most part they are close in digital cameras from different manufacturers, but consumer ones like a touch screen or color are not affect the quality of the pictures.

It is up to you to decide which camera model to choose, because... The main brands are on everyone's lips and their struggle for consumers is serious. When choosing a camera, you first of all need to focus on the characteristics described above.

Let's summarize what characteristics are needed when buying a digital camera for a family at a reasonable price:

- digital camera;

- due to the lack of decent cameras on sale with standard AA batteries, the choice falls on cameras that have their own type of battery. When purchasing a camera, be sure to purchase a replacement battery right away (sometimes they are expensive and cannot be found everywhere);

— optical zoom of at least 10x;

— optical image stabilizer;

— matrix of at least 12 megapixels;

— Full HD recording (1080p) with a resolution of 1920-1080;

— 16 GB memory card;

— Wi-Fi availability;

- presence of a timer.

When choosing a camera with the specified parameters, prices start from 6,000 thousand rubles, plus don’t forget about purchasing a memory card, a replaceable battery and preferably a tripod (the lighter it is, the better).

We have noticed how recently there have been a lot of people with a powerful SLR camera hanging around their neck, and not all of these people are professional photographers. Such photographic equipment allows you to capture in all colors a trip, a significant day or a simple walk, to capture all the shades and emotions, and to take that shot that digital cameras cannot do. The main disadvantage of DSLRs, unfortunately, remains their price, which is especially scary for novice photographers. However, many manufacturers also have inexpensive SLR cameras in their model lines, which are perfect for those who are just starting to conquer the heights of photography.

What are the main advantages of a DSLR camera, and why does he conquer those who want to create beautiful photos with such speed?

However, it is impossible to say which is better , SLR camera or so-called point-and-shoot camera, – These are two different types of equipment used under different conditions. If a compact camera can be easily put in your pocket and used in “point and shoot” mode, then a mirror analogue will require at least minimal training in the field of photography, but will allow you to create high-quality and highly artistic shots. The price of DSLRs is higher than that of digital cameras, and they are much larger in size.

In addition to the price, when purchasing, you should take into account a lot of important parameters of the camera. Without going into details, Here are the most important aspects of the choice:

• matrix resolution. You shouldn't chase a gigantic number of megapixels, especially if you don't intend to print large photo posters. 10 megapixels is enough for the eyes, but almost all SLR cameras have more this number;
• matrix size, or crop factor. The size of the matrix is ​​usually correlated with the size of the film frame (36*24 mm). Crop factor is the ratio of the diagonal of a standard film frame to the diagonal of the camera matrix. In full-frame models this ratio is equal to one, in cropped models it is more than 1, which indicates a certain reduction in the frame. Inexpensive entry-level and semi-professional level DSLRs are usually cropped. The closer the crop factor is to 1, the better;
• matrix sensitivity. ISO can range from 50 to 25600 units; the choice of a specific parameter depends on the shooting conditions. For twilight photography, the ISO will need to be set to higher values;
• zoom. The standard lenses included in the kit usually have a 3x optical zoom - nothing compared to ultrasonics. You need to accept this or be prepared to shell out a considerable amount of money on the purchase of a zoom lens;
• lens. For the first time, the one that comes with the kit will do. As you develop in the field of photography, you will later be able to purchase additional lenses that will meet your main shooting tasks. Experienced photographers say that when buying a camera, you actually choose your manufacturer, because in the future it is better to take lenses for Canon cameras from Canon, and for Nikon – from Nikon. In order not to limit yourself to the products of one manufacturer, you can use special adapters, but some of them may reduce functionality;
• video. Although this is not the main function of a DSLR camera, many of us want a multifunctional device when shelling out big bucks. All cameras can shoot videos, and if you want to make videos with good sound in the future, it is better to choose a model with the ability to connect an external microphone;
• size and weight can fluctuate within wide limits. If you plan to take your camera with you on trips or on long photo walks, then it is better to opt for more compact options;
• 
  full availability manual mode necessary for those who plan to engage in photography at least more or less seriously. We won’t even talk about creating photos in RAW format - now all SLR cameras can shoot in RAW, making further processing easier in specialized applications;
• battery. Everything is simple here: the more capacious it is, the better, and it’s even better to buy an additional battery.

Finally, The quality of the photo depends on the photographer himself. In crooked hands, even the most advanced technique will give a mediocre result. Now let's move on to market analysis and try to find inexpensive DSLRs with the best set of characteristics among those currently available. We are focusing on a price tag of up to $450-500.

The best inexpensive DSLR cameras of 2017

Nikon D3300 Kit

Once upon a time, one of the most popular entry-level SLR cameras was the Nikon D3100, later the series was replenished with new devices, and today the Nikon D3300 can be called one of the best-selling cameras in its class. The device is easy to use, has a tripod mount, can be remote controlled, and comes with a standard lens. The built-in flash illuminates objects at a distance of up to 12 m, white balance is set automatically from the list or manually, if necessary, you can use timer.

In the viewfinder of entry-level DSLRs, as a rule, not the entire frame is visible. In this model 95% of the frame is in the viewfinder field of view, this is average for a device with this price. Of course, manual adjustment of shutter speed and aperture is provided; photos can be saved in JPEG or RAW, or in both formats at once. Eat microphone output, so that the device can be used to shoot high-quality videos if necessary.

The owners note that even with the kit lens they can get an excellent picture; they praise the compact size and image stabilizer. The camera is universal: it is easy to learn for beginners, and its potential is enough for the user to grow and develop in the field of photography. When using more advanced lenses, the quality of the picture will be as good as that of photographs taken from more expensive devices. The video is also of decent quality. The decision remains ambiguousNikonon using a matrix with such a high resolution: 18 and even 16 megapixels would be enough, but to process photos with 24.7 megapixels you will need a fast computer so that the process does not slow down and spoil the pleasant impressions of working with the camera and the resulting frames. The screen is not touch-sensitive, not rotatable, there is no possibility of creating video in 4K format, there is no HDR mode, but a DSLR camera doesn’t really need all these bells and whistles.

It will be easier for beginners to master photography with Nikon equipment, mainly due to the convenient, well-thought-out menu. It is impossible to answer the question of whose cameras take better photos, Nikon or Canon - in the right hands the results will be excellent using any SLR; experienced photographers and photography teachers simply recommend starting your journey to photography with Nikon.

Canon EOS 100D Kit

This is the main competitor to the previous model from Canon. It is distinguished by its use metal in the design of the case, which gives the device a more expensive appearance. The resolution of the matrix here is ideal - photos can be freely cropped and printed on posters, but the computer will not “bend” when processing them. The advantages also include wide rangeISO, which expands the possible shooting scenarios. A significant plus is the opportunity white balance and exposure bracketing, which will increase the chance of getting a good photo. In short, bracketing is taking multiple pictures with different settings. From the captured frames, you can easily choose the one that turned out most successfully.

I received the camera touch screen, the viewfinder covers 95% of the frame. White balance, exposure and aperture settings can be changed manually. Device supports shooting inHDR, it is possible to connect a remote control, but there is no timer or microphone output. You can also find fault with the battery, but in terms of photo quality, price and compactness, as well as taking into account owner reviews, this is one of the best DSLR cameras among budget models.

Sony Alpha SLT-A58 Body

It's already more advanced device, which is suitable for photographers with minimal experience or a great desire to develop quickly, because such a camera covers most of the tasks of semi-professional rather than amateur equipment. The offer is unique in this price category. Please note that there is no lens included - the same “carcass”, but witha kit lens will cost about $560.

Of the main advantages, it is worth noting the presence optical stabilizer images, as well as a matrix-shift stabilizer. I have an opportunity 3 D-shooting, for user convenience it is provided Rotating LCD display 2.7-inch diagonal: there are those shooting scenarios in which this screen design really helps a lot. Another important advantage is high shooting speed. In addition, it is possible to take photos in 3:2 and 16:9 formats, and there is a timer. Viewfinder covers 100% of the frame– one of the indirect properties of semi-professional and professional SLR cameras.

The photo creation settings are extremely wide, the picture quality is beyond praise, and Battery life is good. The video creation capabilities are not the widest, but this is not required from this camera. One of the interesting features is the opportunity audio commentary recordings. User reviews speak of excellent ergonomics, high-quality assembly, fast autofocus and wide selection of inexpensive (!) optics, which is important for a beginner. The photos turn out juicy and colorful even in automatic modes, but the manual adjustment options are extremely wide. It's easy to use the camera without instructions. The biggest plus is simply abnormally high autonomy. The camera has no shortcomings, except that the kit lens is no more than mediocre.

Canon EOS 600D Kit

Despite the fact that this model began selling back in 2011, it is still in high demand among users and has been named one of the best inexpensive SLR cameras. Finding a camera in stores is not a problem, and numerous user reviews indicate that the device optimally balanced in terms of price and quality. Photos can be obtained of the highest quality, there are ample opportunities for manual settings, there are exposure and white balance bracketing, and the built-in flash illuminates objects at a distance of 13 m from it. Rotating screen– additional convenience when taking photos in macro mode or simply for taking selfies (even DSLRs are used for a similar purpose today).

Although the burst speed is low, you can create up to 34 photos in JPEG format at a time. The frame format can be one of the following: 3:2, 1:1, 16:9, 4:3, a function is provided timer and the ability to connect a remote control. The camera is much better suited for video shooting than most competitors: there is a microphone output, and the maximum shooting speed is 60 frames/sec (at HD resolution). The advantages also include ergonomics, convenient button placement and a capacious long-lasting battery. The model has no serious shortcomings. Since the device’s capabilities are extremely wide and the picture quality is excellent, this camera can be recommended not only to beginners, but also to all those who love and want to make photo masterpieces.

Pentax K-50 Kit

Feature of this model – housing protected from moisture, dust and low temperatures. In addition, the camera pleases with its continuous shooting speed, presence of a regimeTime– lapseAndHDR, as well as a timer. The format of the created frames is the same - 3:2, but 100% of the frame enters the viewfinder. White balance, shutter speed, exposure and aperture can be adjusted manually, there is exposure bracketing. In FullHD format, video is recorded at a speed of 30 frames/sec, and a maximum speed of 60 frames/sec is achieved when recording video in 720p resolution. Its own battery is quite capacious, but if necessary You can use regular AA batteries as a power source. Another advantage is the availability of the model in different color options. Among the minuses, we can note the lack of an HDMI connector and a microphone output.

Nikon D5200 Kit

Another decent inexpensive DSLR camera that can become a reliable and functional tool for a beginning photographer. Device supports white balance and exposure bracketing, has rotating screen, 95% of the frame is in the viewfinders field of view. The manual settings are extensive, it is possible to create photo modeHDR. In addition, the device is equipped with a timer function and has the ability to be remotely controlled. The model turned out to be quite successful, so it earned a lot of positive reviews.

Canon EOS 650D Kit

The camera is distinguished by the presence touch rotary screen and modeHDR, but this is not the main thing. Due to the optimal matrix resolution, ample opportunities for manual settings and the availability exposure bracketing and white balance The device allows you to get excellent footage in almost any conditions. 95% of the frame is captured in the viewfinder, the photo is created in 4:3, 3:2, 16:9 and 1:1 formats. Other advantages include compactness and light weight. Among the shortcomings, users note that HDR does not work very correctly.

Finally, it is worth noting a few more successful models that were released several years ago, but are still sold in some stores. These are inexpensive DSLR cameras Nikon D3100AndCanon EOS 1100D with the minimum required set of functions. Are they worth around $270-330 and are ideally suited for those who are absolute beginners in the world of photography or simply want to purchase a camera that allows them to take better pictures than compacts and ultrazooms, but without going broke.

Which camera should I buy? Which camera to choose? Professional or amateur?

The difference in the quality of pictures taken with professional cameras and amateur ones is enormous.

To understand this phenomenon, you need to understand the terms. So: professional camera this is any camera held in the hands of a professional, amateur camera This is any camera that an amateur holds in his hands.

Basic rules to help you choose a camera

The parameters by which you can select a camera include certain (1) features of the technical specification of the device. , (6) personal aesthetic preferences.

Basic technical characteristics of the camera taken into account when purchasing it

Bayonet

Type of interchangeable lens mount that can be used with this camera model.
On a camera with an interchangeable lens, you can only install lenses that are specifically designed for this model. This is due to different types of mount, as well as different electronic “stuffing” of the lenses. As a rule, each major camera manufacturer develops its own standard of interchangeable lenses, which is not compatible with the standards of other manufacturers.
If you already have a set of lenses for your camera, then when choosing a new model, you can choose exactly the one that will be compatible with them.

Matrix type

The type of photosensitive matrix installed in a digital camera.
The camera matrix is ​​an array of photosensitive elements (pixels). Using a lens, an image of the object being photographed is created on the matrix. During exposure (photography), each pixel accumulates an electrical charge proportional to the amount of light that hits it. After shooting, the signal from each photocell is read, converted into digital and processed by the processor.
Cameras typically use one of the following sensor types: CCD, CMOS, X-Trans CMOS, BSI CMOS, EXR CMOS, and Live MOS. In a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device, or CCD - charge-coupled device), when reading a signal, the accumulated charge is shifted from one matrix element to another, forming a finished image line or an entire frame at the output.
CMOS (Complementary-symmetry/Metal-Oxide Semiconductor), or CMOS matrix (CMOS - complementary metal-oxide semiconductor), consists of individual photocells and control transistors manufactured using CMOS technology. Transistors control the operation of the photosensor and provide signal reading.
X-Trans CMOS is a development of FUJIFILM in collaboration with Adobe Systems Incorporated. Processing photographs in RAW format from cameras equipped with this type of matrix in Adobe software allows you to more effectively combat moiré and correct colors in photographs.
X-Trans CMOS II is a new version of the matrix from FUJIFILM. Thanks to the technologies used to create this type of matrix, the speed of phase focusing has been increased, and the moire effect has also been reduced.
BSI CMOS (Back Side Illuminated CMOS - back-illuminated sensor) matrices differ from conventional CMOS in increased light sensitivity, which can significantly reduce the amount of visual noise when shooting in low-light conditions. This is achieved due to the fact that the reverse side of the matrix transmits more light, so the sensor is installed upside down.
EXR CMOS is a development of Fujifilm. In matrices of this type, the pixels are arranged in a different sequence from other types of matrices. Thanks to this, the EXR CMOS sensor can switch operating modes depending on the shooting conditions and requirements. There are three main modes. HD (high resolution) - all the pixels of the matrix are used, maximum resolution and clarity are achieved. DR (wide dynamic range) - some of the pixels take a photo with one exposure, and some with another, thereby achieving the HDR effect with just one shot (usually two or three are required), but the resolution is reduced. SN (high sensitivity) - pixels are combined into pairs, which improves the performance of the matrix in low light, but also reduces resolution.
Live MOS matrix is ​​a photosensitive matrix made on the basis of MOS technology. Live MOS has fewer connections per element and is powered by lower voltage. Due to this and the simplified transmission of control signals, it is possible to obtain a “live” image in the absence of overheating and increased noise levels, which are traditional for such an operating mode.
LBCAST (Lateral Buried Charge Accumulator and Sensing Transistor Array) also uses light-sensitive semiconductor elements like a CMOS sensor, but since the LBCAST circuit structure is simpler, it can achieve miniaturization of the matrix and improve its performance. Thanks to this, it is possible to increase the shooting speed. In addition, the increased surface area of ​​the photosensitive elements improves color depth and image contrast.
However, despite all the advantages, LBCAST matrices were not widely used.

Matrix format

The physical size of the matrix has a direct relationship with the format. Most cameras in the mid-price category and above have a matrix of a certain format: 1″, 4/3 (Four Thirds), APS-C, APS-H, Foveon, Full frame (35mm) or medium format. If the matrix format is not specified, then, as a rule, we are talking about a budget camera with a non-standard matrix size. Please note that the dimensions of a single sensor format may vary slightly from manufacturer to manufacturer.
1″ (Nikon CX) is a relatively small matrix in physical dimensions (13.2×8.8 mm). Installed in compact cameras Nikon, Sony and Samsung. Crop factor - 2.72.
APS-C is a very popular matrix format. Sensor dimensions for all manufacturers (except Canon) are 23.6x15.6 mm. Canon uses smaller matrices - 22.3x14.9 mm.
APS-H is a format used by Canon in some top-end SLR cameras and has dimensions of 27.9x18.6 mm.
4/3 (Four Thirds) is a popular matrix format for mirrorless cameras such as Four Thirds and Micro Four Thirds (“4/3”, “m4/3”). Sensor dimensions are 17.3x13 mm, crop factor is 2.0.
Foveon - format used only in Sigma cameras. Sensor dimensions: 20.7×13.8 mm.
Full frame (35mm) - full-frame sensor. Often found in top-end SLR cameras, the sensor dimensions are approximately 36x24mm.
Medium format - used in professional studio photographic equipment.

Number of megapixels of the matrix
The resolution of the matrix, which acts as photographic film in digital cameras, i.e. the number of photosensitive elements located on it (pixels).
The greater the number of matrix pixels, the higher the quality of the resulting images.
The maximum size at which an image can be reproduced without visible degradation in quality depends on the resolution of the matrix. For example, to output a 9x15 cm format print to a printer, a 2x-3x megapixel matrix (2-3 million elements) is sufficient; for an A4 size print, a 3x-4x megapixel matrix is ​​needed.
The resolution of modern cameras significantly exceeds the required minimum, and the number of megapixels of the photo matrix increases every year and today reaches 15-20 or more. Increasing the resolution while maintaining the same matrix size leads to a decrease in pixel size. This in turn increases the noise level in the photo. So the race for megapixels does not always benefit quality.

Crop factor
The value of the crop factor of a digital camera.
Crop factor is defined as the ratio of the diagonals of a 35mm film frame (24x36mm) and the matrix of a digital camera.
If you compare two cameras - one with a full-frame 24x36 mm sensor and the second with a smaller sensor and a crop factor greater than one - then when using the same lenses, the second camera will have a smaller field of view than the first. This is explained by simple geometry. Since the angle of view is usually measured by the focal length of a 35mm camera lens, the concept of "equivalent focal length" has been introduced for digital cameras. It is equal to the product of the focal length of the lens and the crop factor. The equivalent focal length essentially determines the camera's angle of view.
Knowing the value of the crop factor for digital cameras with interchangeable lenses, you can easily determine what equivalent focal length (viewing angle) you will get when installing a particular lens.
When choosing lenses, you should also pay attention to the crop factor. On sale you can find special lenses for working with digital cameras with a crop factor greater than one. It is not advisable to use such lenses with 35mm cameras.
For most digital SLR cameras, the crop factor is in the range of 1.3-2.0. The lower the crop factor value, the larger the size of the photo matrix (see “Physical size of the matrix”) and the larger the area of ​​one pixel (at a given matrix resolution), the lower the noise level.

Physical matrix size

The size of the camera's photosensitive matrix determines the size and area of ​​the smallest photosensitive element - the pixel. The larger the matrix area, the larger the pixel area (with the same matrix resolution, of course). As the pixel area increases, the photosensitivity increases, the dynamic range of the matrix increases, and noise decreases. Increasing the size of the matrix, as a rule, leads to an increase in its cost, so large matrices with a large diagonal are used only in professional equipment. The size of matrices for inexpensive small-sized cameras is usually specified as the nominal diameter of the transmitting tube into which the matrix could fit and is measured in fractions of an inch. For large matrices, the size along two axes is indicated in millimeters.

ISO sensitivity, min

The minimum photosensitivity of digital camera matrix elements is indicated in ISO units.
Each photosensitive matrix has certain physical characteristics that determine its operating sensitivity range. In this range, the matrix transmits the image with minimal distortion and an acceptable noise level. The wider this range (the larger the maximum and the smaller the minimum sensitivity value), the more opportunities for scene shooting a digital camera has.

ISO sensitivity, max
Maximum photosensitivity of digital camera matrix elements.
Light sensitivity is the amount of light energy required to produce an image. It is indicated in ISO units and can take values ​​of 100, 200, 400, 800, etc., by analogy with photographic film, in a certain interval. The higher the ISO number, the higher the sensitivity. The photographer, depending on the shooting conditions, can set one or another sensitivity value. The wider the sensitivity range of the photomatrix, the more shooting possibilities the camera has.
Shooting in low light conditions and shooting fast-moving objects (sports) require higher light sensitivity than shooting stationary objects in sunny weather. However, as the sensitivity of the matrix increases, the noise level of the image simultaneously increases (i.e., a large number of dots appear in the image, the brightness or color of which differs significantly from the average color of the object).
Maximum light sensitivity shows how sensitive the photomatrix can be.

Color depth

The number of bits used to represent the color of each pixel in an image.
The color of each pixel is encoded by a certain number of bits, that is, elementary units of information. Depending on how many bits are allocated to the color of each pixel, a different number of colors can be encoded. Thus, color depth allows you to determine the maximum number of colors that can be implemented in an image. For example, if the color depth is 24 bits/pixel, then a potential image could contain up to 16.8 million different colors and shades. Obviously, the more colors are used to electronically represent an image, the more accurate the information about the color of each of its points (i.e., its color rendering).
For modern digital cameras, a color depth of 24 bits/pixel is considered the norm. If academic accuracy in color reproduction is required, then the color depth must be at least 30 bits/pixel.

Image stabilization (still photography)

A type of image stabilizer used in photography.
Image stabilization allows you to compensate for hand shake when shooting and get a clear, blur-free photo. The effect of jitter becomes especially noticeable when photographing at high magnification (zoom) or with a long shutter speed. Image stabilizers can be optical or digital, and a combination of both is also possible (dual stabilizer).
An optical image stabilizer uses movement of one of the elements of the camera's optical system or a shift of the photo matrix to compensate for hand shake (see “Stabilizer system”). A special sensor detects the shift of the lens barrel. After this, a change occurs in the optical design or matrix shift. This compensates for micro-shift of the camera, and the image projected onto the matrix remains motionless.
In digital stabilization mode, the camera’s automatic system sets the maximum permissible value of the sensor sensitivity (ISO) for specific shooting conditions. In this case, the shutter speed value automatically decreases. The short shutter speed makes it possible to obtain blur-free images even with slight vibrations of the camera during shooting.
It should be noted that a digital stabilizer cannot help in all cases, so to obtain high-quality images, it is better to focus on an optical stabilization system.
Dual image stabilization is a combination of optical and digital image stabilization.

Image stabilization system

Design of a mechanical image stabilizer in a digital camera.
Image stabilization helps compensate for hand shake when shooting and produces clear, blur-free images (see “Image Stabilizer (Photography)”).
All modern mechanical stabilization systems can be divided into two types. The first system uses a moving element in the lens to compensate for camera shake, while the second uses a shift in the photosensitive matrix.
Matrix shift stabilization does not introduce additional distortions into the resulting image and does not affect the lens aperture. In SLR cameras with such a stabilization system, you can use any lenses.
An image stabilizer with an active element in the lens is considered more effective due to its higher operating speed.
Using a stabilizer increases the power consumption of the camera and may interfere with photography (when shooting with “wiring”). The stabilizer is not effective when shooting at long focal lengths and slow shutter speeds.

Maximum flash range

The maximum distance that the built-in flash can illuminate to obtain a high-quality photograph.
The maximum flash range is determined by the power of the flash emitter, so it is natural that for super-compact cameras the maximum range of the built-in flash will be less than that of larger cameras.

Built-in flash

The presence of a built-in flash lamp in the camera, which turns on simultaneously with the opening of the shutter and illuminates the subject at the moment of shooting.
The flash allows you to take photographs in low light conditions, for example in the evening, to avoid the appearance of shadows on the face, etc.
Most modern digital camera models are equipped with a built-in flash. Very compact or budget models may not have a built-in flash, as well as some high-end models designed exclusively for working with external lighting.

Synchro contact

The presence on the body of a special connector (sync contact) for connecting an external flash.
This connector allows you to connect a non-standard flash that is not compatible with the hot shoe mounted on the camera. The sync contact is often used for connection when shooting in a studio environment.

Flash bracketing

The camera has a flash bracketing mode.
Flash bracketing is an automatic burst shooting mode that varies the flash output for each frame by some amount above or below the average value. The average value is determined automatically.
This shooting mode can be used in cases where it is difficult to determine the exact exposure, as well as for special effects.

Shooting 3D

The presence of a system of two lenses (sometimes two pairs of lenses and matrices), allowing you to shoot photos and videos with the ability to view the footage in 3D format. 3D photography can also be implemented at the software level, that is, using a special algorithm that converts ordinary photographs into a three-dimensional format.
To obtain a three-dimensional image, it is necessary to record two separate frames (stereo pair) with angles for the left and right eyes and show each frame for “your” eye.
There are three most common methods for displaying volumetric images. The simplest and most inexpensive to implement is color coding of images. To obtain the effect, you need to use special anaglyph glasses, in which light filters are used instead of glasses (usually red for the left eye, and blue for the right). The stereo pair is encoded into one photograph, in which the red channel shows the left eye, and the blue channel shows the right. When viewing, each eye sees an image of the color that matches the color of its lens. The disadvantage of this method is incomplete color rendition, as well as discomfort when viewing images or videos for a long time.
The most common household method of obtaining high-quality three-dimensional images is the use of glasses with liquid crystal interrupters. To view, you need a playback or display device that supports 3D. Images for the left and right eyes are alternately displayed on the screen, and synchronized glasses, at the moment the image for the left eye is shown, close the right one and vice versa.
Also, a high-quality effect can be achieved by using polarized glasses. In this case, the glasses use different polarizing filters for each eye (with vertical and horizontal polarization or with left and right circular polarization). The image for each eye is displayed on a display device with the polarization corresponding to a specific eye.

Continuous shooting speed

Burst shooting speed. For more information about this mode, see the “Burst Mode” section.
The shooting speed is determined by the shutter speed and the digital image processing system. The higher this speed, the more photos of the event you are interested in you will have time to take.
For compact digital cameras, the fast shooting speed is usually in the range of 1 - 3 frames per second. Professional and semi-professional digital SLR cameras are capable of shooting up to 10 frames per second or more.
Please note that when shooting quickly, camera manufacturers use different image processing techniques. This means that the quality of such images may differ from the quality of normal shooting.
Manufacturers often provide the ability to change various quick shooting parameters, which allows the user to most accurately customize shooting for specific tasks.

Maximum Burst (RAW)
The maximum number of photos that can be taken in one series and saved in RAW format.
Burst shooting refers to the ability of the camera to take several frames in a row with a minimum interval (see “Burst mode”). The maximum number of shots in a series is limited by the operation of the camera electronics.
RAW is an image format that allows you to save raw photo data uncompressed or with lossless compression. The maximum burst when saving an image in the JPEG format is usually much larger than that of the RAW format. Therefore, if you need to get a long series, then choose saving in JPEG format.

Maximum Burst (JPEG)

The maximum number of photos that can be taken in one series and saved in JPEG format. The value corresponding to the maximum shooting speed is given (see “Fast shooting speed”).
Burst shooting refers to the camera’s ability to take several frames in a row at a minimum interval (see “Burst mode”).
The maximum number of shots in a series is limited by the operation of the camera electronics.
The more frames a camera can take in one series, the greater the opportunity for the photographer to “catch” an interesting event.
Note that in some cameras the user can choose fast shooting modes, select the burst length and shooting speed within the technical capabilities of the camera.

Time-lapse mode

Time-lapse is a shooting mode in which frames are taken after a significant period of time (from several seconds to tens of minutes). When played back at a normal frame rate, such a video appears to be sped up, covering a large period of time. The most typical scenes for this shooting mode: a blooming flower and sunrise/sunset, shown in a few seconds.

On time

The period of time from the moment you press the power button until the camera is completely ready for use.
The turn-on time varies from a few seconds for “slow” cameras to tenths of seconds for “fast” devices.

Viewfinder pixel count

Resolution of the camera's electronic viewfinder.
The viewfinder is an optical device that allows you to see what will be captured by the camera.
The electronic viewfinder is a miniature LCD screen with a lens (eyepiece) installed inside the camera. It displays the future frame as it is “seen” by the light-sensitive matrix through the camera lens.
The higher the resolution of the LCD matrix in the viewfinder (and the higher the number of pixels), the more detailed and detailed the image the photographer will see.

LCD size

Diagonal size of the LCD display. According to established tradition, it is indicated in inches (1 inch = 2.54 cm). Most cameras have an LCD screen ranging in size from 3 to 6 cm. The larger the LCD screen, the more convenient it is to view the photos you have taken and understand the numerous camera settings.

Number of LCD dots

Number of LCD screen dots. The higher it is, the clearer and better quality the image is and, accordingly, the more comfortable it is to work with such a screen. For most digital cameras, the LCD dot count ranges from 120,000 to 921,000.
It is worth considering that most digital camera manufacturers by “number of screen dots” do not mean the number of pixels, but the number of subpixels. To form one pixel, three subpixels of basic colors are usually used: red, green and blue. Therefore, to find out the real number of pixels on the screen, you need to divide the number of its pixels by three.

Rotating screen

The camera has a rotating screen. The screen itself and the entire back panel of the device can be rotated. The screen can rotate around its axis by 90 degrees or open to the side, like a video camera.

Touch screen

The presence of a touch (pressure-sensitive) liquid crystal screen in a digital camera.
Most devices use separate buttons located on the back panel near the LCD screen to select various settings. Touchscreen models do not have these buttons. This display allows you to switch through the camera menu by clicking on certain areas of the screen itself. This makes it possible to enlarge the screen and occupy almost the entire back panel of the camera.
Using the touch screen makes operating and navigating the camera's numerous menus intuitive.

Shutter speed, min

Minimum camera shutter speed.
Shutter speed is the time during which the camera shutter remains open and lets light rays through to the photosensitive matrix.
Along with the aperture, this parameter determines the amount of light entering the sensor and, accordingly, the correct exposure. For well-lit subjects and for shooting moving subjects, the shutter speed should be very slow.
The lower the minimum shutter speed, the more opportunities for scene shooting a digital camera has.

Shutter speed, max

The maximum shutter speed of the camera.
- This is the time during which the camera shutter remains open to take a photo.
Along with this parameter, it determines the amount of light falling on the photosensitive surface (matrix), and, accordingly, the correctness of the exposure. For night photography or with a large F-number (see “Aperture value (F), min”, “Aperture value (F), max”), the shutter speed should be high.
The range of possible shutter speed values ​​for each camera is set in accordance with its technical solution. The higher the maximum shutter speed, the more opportunities for scene shooting a digital camera has.

Exposure for X-Sync

The minimum shutter speed at which the camera shutter fully opens the frame.
X-Sync is an electronic flash mode that triggers the flash signal exactly when the shutter is fully open.
Mechanical shutters with curtains work in such a way that at very short shutter speeds the frame is not completely open, the shutter opens a gap for light that “runs” across the frame. Since the flash glow time is less than the time for which the shutter opens the frame, a short light pulse from the flash will illuminate only that part of the frame over which the shutter slit was located at the moment the flash was fired, that is, only part of the frame will be illuminated.
Therefore, it is not recommended to shoot with flash in X-Sync mode at shutter speeds slower than the X-Sync shutter speed. The lower this value, the wider the range of shutter speeds for working with flash and the more opportunities the photographer has to realize his ideas.

General exposure metering (Evaluative)

Operation of the camera's exposure metering system in general mode.
Exposure metering is the calculation of the required amount of light to take a high-quality photo. The camera takes measurements before each shot, as a result of which the required shutter speed and aperture are calculated.
There are several exposure metering modes. Each mode is better suited for certain shooting conditions.
General metering mode uses information from several sensors. When calculating exposure, the data obtained is compared with a database of typical frame compositions. The best exposure for the specific type of shot is then selected.

Electronic rangefinder

The presence of an electronic rangefinder function.
This function helps when using manual focus. The principle of operation is similar to rangefinder cameras, but the specific implementation and functionality depends on the device manufacturer and model.

Autofocus adjustment

The autofocus correction function allows you to increase focusing accuracy by fine-tuning it. In addition, the camera's memory may have preset settings for the most popular lenses.

Autofocus type

Type of camera autofocus system.
Since the inception of autofocus, several types of autofocus have been invented. It all started with active autofocus using ultrasonic waves, and then infrared. Today these methods are not used - they have given way to passive autofocus. It, in turn, can be contrast, phase or hybrid.
Contrast autofocus is common among mirrorless cameras. The camera processor analyzes the current image from the matrix and begins to move the lenses in one of two possible directions. If, after moving the lenses, the picture is more contrasting (clear), then the movement of the lenses continues until the desired focus is found. If the image has deteriorated, then the lenses move in the opposite direction, again, until the desired focusing is achieved. Contrast AF's strength is its accurate focusing in dark and low-light scenes.
Phase detection autofocus is most often used in SLR cameras. For its operation, special sensors are required, which can be located directly in the camera matrix or separately. The sensors receive fragments of light from different points in the frame using mirrors. After this, the sensor will calculate how to move the lenses to get a clear image. When two light streams are at a certain distance from each other, specified by the design of the sensor, the desired focus will be achieved. Phase detection autofocus boasts excellent focusing speed.
Hybrid autofocus systems are rare. This autofocus combines the positive aspects of both contrast and phase detection autofocus. The hybrid system is being implemented in both mirrorless and DSLR cameras. In DSLR cameras it works in Live View mode.

Number of focus points

Modern cameras have a different number of linear points along which focusing occurs when shooting. The focusing module is responsible for the focusing process. It focuses in those areas of the frame that fall within the field of view of the points. The number of such points on the camera affects the accuracy of calculating the desired focus object during shooting and the convenience of setting up the manual focusing mode.
Linear points can be horizontal or vertical. The effectiveness of their use depends largely on the objects being photographed. Dots with horizontal orientation focus well on objects with vertical lines. Dots in vertical orientation, in turn, focus better on objects with horizontal lines.

Microphone input

When shooting video, one of the main criteria is to capture high-quality sound. It will be quite problematic to achieve good sound on video using the microphone built into the camera due to the presence of extraneous noise (wind, roar of the audience). To solve this problem, camera manufacturers equip their models with a connector for connecting an external microphone, from which sound is recorded.

Headphone output

This interface can be used to monitor audio through headphones during video recording. Typically, a 3.5 mm mini jack is used as a connector.
To obtain high-quality sound when recording video, it is recommended to use an external microphone and other accessories.

Number of JPEG levels

The number of possible compression levels for images when saving them in JPEG format. JPEG is the most common recording format that compresses images to save memory. However, the compactness of images is achieved at the expense of quality loss, since the JPEG format, when compressed, recognizes some data as unimportant and discards it during compression. The higher the image compression rate, the more photos can fit on the memory card, but the worse their quality will be. In many cameras, the degree of compression, and therefore the quality of images, can be controlled. By varying the compression levels, you can save either more photos but of lower quality, or fewer photos but of higher quality.

Memory - Memory Stick

The ability to use removable memory cards in the Memory Stick format in the camera.
Memory Stick is a flash memory card format introduced by Sony, which is used mainly in digital cameras from this manufacturer. At the moment it is one of the most expensive media available. In addition to the Memory Stick standard, there are other varieties: Memory Stick Pro, Memory Stick Duo.
Memory Stick dimensions are 50x21.5x2.8 mm.

Memory - Memory Stick Duo

The ability to use removable memory cards in the Memory Stick Duo format in the camera.
This memory standard was developed and supported by Sony. The case of this card is very compact and quite durable. Memory Stick Duo was developed on the basis of the widely used Memory Stick standard from the same Sony, but the connector is incompatible with it and is small in size (20x31x1.6 mm). To use a Memory Stick Duo with a device that has a Memory Stick slot, you must use a special adapter.

Memory - XQD

Possibility of using removable memory cards in XQD format in the camera.
Memory cards were announced in 2011; their main difference from other cards is their high data transfer speed (up to 125 MB/s).
Cards of this standard have dimensions of 38.5 x 29.8 x 3.8 mm.

Maximum memory card capacity

The maximum capacity of a memory card that the camera can work with.
The higher the value of this parameter, the larger the card you can use, therefore, you can record more pictures and videos on it. If you already have a suitable type of high-capacity flash card, before purchasing a camera, you should make sure that the selected model supports cards of this capacity.

Interface - video

The camera has a composite video interface.
The composite interface is designed to transmit images to any video display device.
The video output is used for viewing photos and videos on a TV or for recording on a VCR.
To transmit high-resolution images to HDTV devices, it is recommended to use the HD output.

Interface - Bluetooth

Ability to connect the camera to a computer and other devices via Bluetooth wireless interface.
Bluetooth technology uses short-range radio communication and allows you to establish a high-speed wireless connection at a distance of up to 10 meters.
Using Bluetooth, you can transfer files from the camera to a computer, as well as directly print photos on a special printer equipped with a Bluetooth adapter.

NFC technology support.
NFC (Near Field Communication) is a short-range wireless communication technology. NFC allows two devices located close to each other (at a distance of no more than 10 cm) to exchange data.

Battery capacity

Capacity of the battery built into the camera.
A larger battery allows you to take more photos without recharging.

Maximum video recording resolution
The maximum video recording resolution in a camera with video recording capabilities.
The higher the video resolution, the clearer and more detailed the video image you can get. The video recording function on a digital camera is not the main one; it rather serves as a nice addition to the main functions.

Electronic stabilization for video shooting

Availability of electronic stabilization function during video recording.
When shooting video, camera vibrations cause the captured image to shake. Since most shooting is done handheld, you will have to deal with this problem quite often.
The electronic stabilization function is implemented through digital image processing using a built-in processor. To form a frame, only part of the image from the photosensitive matrix is ​​used - a video frame is cut out from the overall image. When shaking, the image displacement is monitored, and the video frame is accordingly moved up or down within the entire image field from the photo sensor to compensate for this displacement. As a result, the recorded image (video frame) remains motionless for the viewer.
The use of stabilization does not allow you to get rid of unpleasant effects in all cases.

FPS at 4K (3840x2160)
The maximum number of frames per second when shooting video with a resolution of 3840x2160 pixels.
Frames of 25 and 50 frames per second are standard in countries with PAL and SECAM broadcast systems (Europe, Asia, Russia), while frequencies of 30 and 60 frames per second are common in countries with the NTSC broadcast standard (USA, Canada, Mexico , Japan, the Philippines and a number of South American countries).
The camera's support for these frequency sets may depend on the country for which the camera is manufactured. Many cameras are universal: regardless of region, they support simultaneous frame rates of 25/30 (50/60) frames per second.

Record video in MOV format

Ability to save captured video in MOV format.
The MOV format (or container) was proposed by Apple. To view videos in this format, you usually use QuickTime.

Record video in MP4 format

Ability to save captured video in AVI format.
When describing standards for digital video, two concepts are usually used - video codec and video container. By codec we mean the method by which video information is compressed, and by container we mean the file extension. The type of container determines which programs can play this file, and the type of codec determines the degree of information compression and image quality.
MP4 is a multimedia container format that can contain audio and video streams, as well as other information. Codecs from the MPEG-4 family are usually used to compress video information.

Using the MJPEG video codec

Ability to save captured video using the MJPEG codec.
When describing standards for digital video, two concepts are usually used - video codec and video container. By codec we mean the method by which video information is compressed, and by container we mean the file extension. The type of container determines which programs can play this file, and the type of codec determines the degree of information compression and image quality.
When using the MJPEG (Motion JPEG) codec, each frame is processed separately, and the video quality does not depend on the dynamics of the scene. But this comes at the cost of a significantly larger video file size.
Video created with the MJPEG codec, compared to MPEG4 (see “Using the MPEG4 video codec”) is much better suited for subsequent editing, since the frames do not depend on each other and you can insert (or cut) video fragments starting from any frame.

HDR shooting

Taking photos with the HDR effect allows you to create high-quality photos in difficult lighting conditions, when there are both brightly lit areas and darkened objects in the frame. To create this effect with the highest quality, the camera automatically takes 2-3 frames with different settings and stitches them into one.

Orientation sensor

The presence in a digital camera of a special sensor that determines the orientation of the camera (horizontal or vertical) during shooting.
Thanks to this sensor, it is possible to automatically flip photos and videos taken in a vertical position when they are played back on a TV screen or when transferred to a computer. In the latter case, you will need special software supplied with the camera.
In addition, information about the camera position is used automatically when determining exposure and white balance.

Frost resistance

The camera has protection against low temperatures.
Some digital cameras are equipped with protection against low temperatures. Such models are suitable for working in bad weather.

Dust protection

The presence of dust protection significantly influences the choice of camera.
Some digital cameras are equipped with dust protection. Such models are suitable for working in bad weather.

Waterproof housing

The presence of a waterproof housing for a digital camera.
DSLR cameras often have waterproof housings. Some models with a waterproof case allow short-term immersion in water.

The weight of the camera and lens is sometimes a leading factor when choosing a camera.
A digital camera is a fairly mobile device: people take it with them on vacation and often carry it with them, so when choosing its dimensions and weight are far from the least important considerations.
Based on the size of the camera, it can be divided into several categories:
— ultra-compact cameras weighing up to 200 g. The technical characteristics of such cameras are not the most impressive, but they can easily fit in a woman’s handbag or in the breast pocket of a shirt;
— compact cameras, the most common, their weight is up to 300 g. They have higher technical capabilities compared to ultra-compact cameras and at the same time are quite convenient for transportation;
— advanced, or semi-professional, cameras weighing 400-600 g. Equipped with high-aperture optics, the ability to install an external flash, and manual settings for shooting modes;
— professional SLR cameras, weighing from 600 g and above. They are equipped with removable lenses, the camera body is usually made of metal, and have the widest range of technical characteristics.

Main points when choosing a digital compact camera

Matrix
One of the main and most expensive parts of the camera. In principle, the larger the matrix size, the better. But the number of pixels should not be decisive when choosing a digital camera. 12-15 megapixels will be enough to print a 40x30 cm photo, or admire it on a large TV screen. To print a 10x15 photo, three million pixels are enough. By the way, the physical dimensions of photographs can be different: 4x3, or 10x15.

The matrix size is indicated in inches: 1/2.5 - corresponds to 5.76 × 4.29 mm, 1/1.8 - 7.176 × 5.319 mm. Of course, the second option will be preferable. Too many pixels should alert you - as a rule, the more pixels, the smaller they are, and less light will fall on each pixel - hence the noise. A more important factor when choosing a compact digital camera is light sensitivity. That is, which camera takes the best photo in low light, that one should be chosen.

You can check this in the same way as a video camera: take a friend with a flash card, come to the store, be sure to set the same parameters on the cameras (preferably minimum, maximum, and average ISO), and take several identical frames. Then at home in a calm environment you analyze and compare. Sometimes the number of sensitive elements (pixels) does not match the number of pixels in the resulting image, please pay attention to this. Or look for product specifications on the Internet.

Lens
Probably in second place in importance, after the matrix. Lenses on cheap cameras are made of plastic. The main parameters when choosing: magnification, aperture and focal length. There is no need to chase a high magnification; 5-7 times is enough. The higher the zoom, the more shaking, and the photos will turn out blurry. If you choose a camera with a stabilizer, you can magnify even more, practice will show. It's always better to get closer to your subject than to zoom in. The magnification is naturally optical, forget about digital.

Aperture is designated by the letter F, for example: F-3.5. The lower the number, the better. Today, 3.5 is normal, if you find 2.8, great. The aperture value is written around the lens, for example: 3.1 x 6.3. These numbers indicate the aperture value at wide angle and maximum zoom.

Focal length is the angle that the camera covers. The smaller the first number, the wider the viewing angle will be, that is, more people will enter the frame when shooting in a cramped apartment. And the larger the second number, the closer you can see the object, that is, the more zoom. It looks something like this: 24 - 288 mm, this is marked “35 mm equivalent”. If there are manual settings for shutter speed and aperture, this is good.

Card
What the photograph is recorded on. Main types of memory cards: Secure Digital, Compact Flash, Memory Stick. I would recommend SD (Secure Digital). The best price-quality ratio. In addition, if you change your camera, these cards will most likely fit the new model. An important factor is the ability to use large-capacity cards in the camera. It’s better to immediately buy a capacious card and withdraw without restrictions.

Also, an important indicator for a card is the recording speed; at a low speed, you will not be able to shoot a series of frames (let alone a video). By the way, the burst function should be present. It’s good if the camera has built-in memory, there will always be a reserve.

Viewfinder and screen
This determines how you will see your subject. In most cases you will use the screen, but on a bright sunny day the information on it may not be visible, this is where the viewfinder will help out. Almost always, when shooting, automatic focus is used, so the viewfinder is only needed for visual control of the scene being photographed. The presence of a rotating or folding screen makes shooting very easy. It is necessary that all shooting parameters are displayed on the display - this will be useful for subsequent analysis.

Flash
All digital cameras have built-in flashes. There is only one criterion for selection: the more powerful the flash, the better. This data should be indicated in the technical specifications of the camera. It is advisable to choose a camera with the possibility of forced flash, and not just automatic. For example, if you are filming a person standing against a window, then the light hitting the sensor will show that there is enough lighting, but the person's face will be dark. This is why you will need the ability to turn on the flash yourself.

If there is a red-eye reduction mode, this is good; you do not need to spend money on removing this defect in photo salons. More advanced models have a socket for connecting an external flash, but at the first stage you won’t need it. A good flash costs more than your camera.

Batteries or accumulators
There are finger-type batteries (battery type) and rectangular (branded) ones, it all depends on their capacity. The larger the capacity, the longer it will last for photography. The only difference is that you can use AA batteries in other devices, and you can buy a charger for them without any problems, but branded batteries will not be suitable for anything other than your camera. Speaking of chargers: the slower they charge, the better. The batteries will last for more cycles.

The presence of a video recording function with a camera
I have always said: filming video with a camera is a perversion. There is a video camera for this. Even the cheapest video camera takes pictures better than the most expensive (amateur) camera. I mean not only technical parameters, but also ease of shooting and the availability of the necessary functions. The camera lacks all this, although the picture on the display may seem good. Most likely, this function will be present on your camera, when you try to record a video, you will understand that the video is, let’s say, not very good. Although in extreme cases it can be useful. You can read more about this topic on the page “Video shooting with a camera”.

If it is important for you that the video recording function is present, then pay attention to the resolution, most often in digital cameras it is no higher than 1280 by 720, and to the number of frames per second, which rarely exceeds 30. If you choose a camera with a video recording function, then There must be an image stabilizer. The stabilizer can be either in the lens or in the body, but in principle - as long as it is there.

Once you make your choice, be sure to check the camera before purchasing. There should be no scratches on the case, all buttons should press well and not stick anywhere, there should be no bubbles or dust particles in the lenses. You won’t be able to test all the camera’s functions in the store, so at first shoot as much as possible, and in different modes. If the camera has a manufacturing defect, then within 14 days you can simply return the camera to the store and take the money; if the defect is discovered later, you will have to send it in for repairs.

When choosing a camera, you should not rush, so that later you will not be excruciatingly painful from wasted money. The same camera will be different for a woman’s and a man’s hand; for some it will be convenient to take pictures, but for others it will not. Remember, a hasty choice because tomorrow is your birthday will not lead to anything good, because you are not buying a camera for just one time. And the right choice is the key to the fact that you will be satisfied with the purchase, and the photography process will bring a lot of positive emotions, because photography is an opportunity to preserve a moment for centuries.

If the issue of choice is serious for you, and you want to know not only how to choose a camera and which one is better, but also to understand lens markings, purposes and the correct use of various camera functions, then on the “Ask a Question” page you can order training in video format . This video course provides answers to all the questions that a novice photographer has: what is white balance, depth of field, histogram and exposure. The structure of cameras, types of matrices. Tips on choosing a lens, camera settings and caring for it. And much, much more... Fill out the form, and after payment (500 rubles) I will send you a link to download the archive (224 MB).

And most importantly: A good photograph is made by a photographer, and a camera is only a tool that helps him in this.

When purchasing, you need to ask the seller for a discount using the club card number - 0026. You can find out more about the assortment on the website www.intel-foto.ru